What is Battery ?

A battery is a device that stores and provides electrical energy through a chemical reaction. It consists of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy when connected to an external circuit. Batteries come in various shapes, sizes, and types, and they are widely used to power a wide range of devices, from small electronic gadgets like smartphones and laptops to larger applications like electric vehicles and backup power systems.

The basic components of a typical battery include:

Anode: The negative electrode, where oxidation (loss of electrons) occurs during discharge.

Cathode: The positive electrode, where reduction (gain of electrons) occurs during discharge.

Electrolyte: A substance that allows the flow of ions between the anode and cathode. It is usually a liquid or a solid material that conducts ions.

When a battery is connected to a circuit, a chemical reaction takes place between the anode and cathode, releasing electrical energy that can power devices connected to the circuit. Batteries can be rechargeable or non-rechargeable (also known as disposable), depending on whether the chemical reaction can be reversed through charging. Common types of batteries include alkaline batteries, lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and more, each with its own characteristics and applications.